Update for CF Version:80
sea_surface_infragravity_wave_significant_height
Unit: m
Unit ref: ULAA
Significant wave height is a statistic computed from wave measurements and corresponds to the average height of the highest one third of the waves, where the height is defined as the vertical distance from a wave trough to the following wave crest. Infragravity waves are waves occurring in the frequency range 0.04 to 0.004 s^-1 (wave periods of 25 to 250 seconds).
water_evapotranspiration_amount
Unit: kg m-2
Unit ref: KMP2
"Evapotranspiration" means all water vapor fluxes into the atmosphere from the surface: liquid evaporation, sublimation, and transpiration. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) Transpiration is the process by which liquid water in plant stomata is transferred as water vapor into the atmosphere. Unless indicated in the cell_methods attribute, a quantity is assumed to apply to the whole area of each horizontal grid box.
mole_fraction_of_tribromomethane_in_air
Unit: mol mol-1
Unit ref: MPMX
"Mole fraction" is used in the construction "mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for tribromomethane is CHBr3. The IUPAC name is tribromomethane.
mole_fraction_of_bromochloromethane_in_air
Unit: mol mol-1
Unit ref: MPMX
"Mole fraction" is used in the construction "mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for bromochloromethane is CH2BrCl. The IUPAC name is bromochloromethane.
mass_concentration_of_carbon_in_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. Chemically, "carbon" is the total sum of elemental, organic, and inorganic carbon. In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, inorganic carbon is neglected and its mass is assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
mass_concentration_of_organic_carbon_in_pm1_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm1 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 1 micrometer. Chemically, "organic carbon aerosol" refers to the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter contained in any of the vast number of compounds where carbon is chemically combined with hydrogen and other elements like O, S, N, P, Cl, etc. In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, organic carbon samples may also include some inorganic carbon compounds, whose mass is neglected and assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
mole_fraction_of_dibromomethane_in_air
Unit: mol mol-1
Unit ref: MPMX
"Mole fraction" is used in the construction "mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for dibromomethane is CH2Br2. The IUPAC name is dibromomethane.
mass_concentration_of_elemental_carbon_in_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. Chemically, "elemental carbon" is the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter that is thermally stable in an inert atmosphere to high temperatures near 4000K and can only be gasified by oxidation starting at temperatures above 340 C. It is assumed to be inert and non-volatile under atmospheric conditions and insoluble in any solvent (Ogren and Charlson, 1983). In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, elemental carbon samples may also include some inorganic carbon compounds, whose mass is neglected and assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
mass_concentration_of_organic_carbon_in_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. Chemically, "organic carbon aerosol" refers to the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter contained in any of the vast number of compounds where carbon is chemically combined with hydrogen and other elements like O, S, N, P, Cl, etc. In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, organic carbon samples may also include some inorganic carbon compounds, whose mass is neglected and assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
drainage_amount_through_base_of_soil_model
Unit: kg m-2
Unit ref: KMP2
The quantity with standard name drainage_amount_through_base_of_soil_model is the amount of water that drains through the bottom of a soil column extending from the surface to a specified depth. "Drainage" is the process of removal of excess water from soil by gravitational flow. "Amount" means mass per unit area. A vertical coordinate variable or scalar coordinate with standard name "depth" should be used to specify the depth to which the soil column extends.
number_concentration_of_biological_taxon_pollen_grains_in_air
Unit: m-3
Unit ref: MCUB/
"Number concentration" means the number of particles or other specified objects per unit volume. "Pollen grain" refers to the male gametophyte of seed plants (either angiosperms or gymnosperms). The number concentration of pollen grains refers to the number of individual pollen grains per unit volume. "Biological taxon" is a name or other label identifying an organism or a group of organisms as belonging to a unit of classification in a hierarchical taxonomy. There must be an auxiliary coordinate variable with standard name biological_taxon_name to identify the taxon in human readable format and optionally an auxiliary coordinate variable with standard name biological_taxon_identifier to provide a machine-readable identifier. See Section 6.1.2 of the CF convention (version 1.8 or later) for information about biological taxon auxiliary coordinate variables.
mass_concentration_of_elemental_carbon_in_pm2p5_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm2p5 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. Chemically, "elemental carbon" is the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter that is thermally stable in an inert atmosphere to high temperatures near 4000K and can only be gasified by oxidation starting at temperatures above 340 C. It is assumed to be inert and non-volatile under atmospheric conditions and insoluble in any solvent (Ogren and Charlson, 1983). In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, elemental carbon samples may also include some inorganic carbon compounds, whose mass is neglected and assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
mass_concentration_of_organic_carbon_in_pm2p5_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm2p5 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. Chemically, "organic carbon aerosol" refers to the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter contained in any of the vast number of compounds where carbon is chemically combined with hydrogen and other elements like O, S, N, P, Cl, etc. In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, organic carbon samples may also include some inorganic carbon compounds, whose mass is neglected and assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
transpiration_amount
Unit: kg m-2
Unit ref: KMP2
"Amount" means mass per unit area. Transpiration is the process by which liquid water in plant stomata is transferred as water vapor into the atmosphere.
transpiration_flux
Unit: kg m-2 s-1
Unit ref: KSP2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. Transpiration is the process by which liquid water in plant stomata is transferred as water vapor into the atmosphere.
surface_upward_latent_heat_flux_due_to_evaporation
Unit: W m-2
Unit ref: UFAA
The quantity with standard name surface_upward_latent_heat_flux_due_to_evaporation does not include transpiration from vegetation. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation"). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation).
surface_sea_water_y_velocity
Unit: m s-1
Unit ref: UVAA
A velocity is a vector quantity. "y" indicates a vector component along the grid y-axis, positive with increasing y. Ocean currents are related to phenomena of different nature and processes, such as density currents, currents raised by the wind, tide, wave propagation, mass flow in estuaries, etc. This Standard Name refers to the sum of currents of all origins.
mass_concentration_of_elemental_carbon_in_pm10_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm10 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 10 micrometers. Chemically, "elemental carbon" is the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter that is thermally stable in an inert atmosphere to high temperatures near 4000K and can only be gasified by oxidation starting at temperatures above 340 C. It is assumed to be inert and non-volatile under atmospheric conditions and insoluble in any solvent (Ogren and Charlson, 1983). In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, elemental carbon samples may also include some inorganic carbon compounds, whose mass is neglected and assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
mass_concentration_of_carbon_in_pm1_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm1 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 1 micrometer. Chemically, "carbon" is the total sum of elemental, organic, and inorganic carbon. In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, inorganic carbon is neglected and its mass is assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
mass_concentration_of_organic_carbon_in_pm10_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm10 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 10 micrometers. Chemically, "organic carbon aerosol" refers to the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter contained in any of the vast number of compounds where carbon is chemically combined with hydrogen and other elements like O, S, N, P, Cl, etc. In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, organic carbon samples may also include some inorganic carbon compounds, whose mass is neglected and assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
water_evapotranspiration_flux
Unit: kg m-2 s-1
Unit ref: KSP2
AMIP: evspsbl
Water means water in all phases. "Evapotranspiration" means all water vapor fluxes into the atmosphere from the surface: liquid evaporation, sublimation and transpiration. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. Transpiration is the process by which liquid water in plant stomata is transferred as water vapor into the atmosphere. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation".) In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. Unless indicated in the cell_methods attribute, a quantity is assumed to apply to the whole area of each horizontal grid box.
mass_concentration_of_elemental_carbon_in_pm1_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm1 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 1 micrometer. Chemically, "elemental carbon" is the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter that is thermally stable in an inert atmosphere to high temperatures near 4000K and can only be gasified by oxidation starting at temperatures above 340 C. It is assumed to be inert and non-volatile under atmospheric conditions and insoluble in any solvent (Ogren and Charlson, 1983). In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, elemental carbon samples may also include some inorganic carbon compounds, whose mass is neglected and assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
sea_surface_wave_frequency_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
Unit: s-1
Unit ref: PRSC
Frequency is the number of oscillations of a wave per unit time. The sea_surface_wave_frequency_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum is the frequency of the most energetic waves in the total wave spectrum at a specific location. The wave directional spectrum can be written as a five dimensional function S(t,x,y,f,theta) where t is time, x and y are horizontal coordinates (such as longitude and latitude), f is frequency and theta is direction. S has the standard name sea_surface_wave_directional_variance_spectral_density. S can be integrated over direction to give S1= integral(S dtheta) and this quantity has the standard name sea_surface_wave_variance_spectral_density.
upward_latent_heat_flux_into_air_due_to_transpiration
Unit: W m-2
Unit ref: UFAA
"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Transpiration is the process by which liquid water in plant stomata is transferred as water vapor into the atmosphere. The latent heat flux due to transpiration is the release of latent heat from plant surfaces to the air due to the release of water vapor.
moles_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_per_unit_mass_of_sea_water
Unit: mol kg-1
Unit ref: MLKG
The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Particulate inorganic carbon is carbon bound in molecules ionically that may be liberated from the particles as carbon dioxide by acidification.
sea_surface_wave_mean_wavelength_from_variance_spectral_density_inverse_wavenumber_moment
Unit: m
Unit ref: ULAA
The wave directional spectrum can be written as a five dimensional function S(t,x,y,k,theta) where t is time, x and y are horizontal coordinates (such as longitude and latitude), k is wavenumber and theta is direction. S has the standard name sea_surface_wave_directional_variance_spectral_density. S can be integrated over direction to give S1= integral(S dtheta) and this quantity has the standard name sea_surface_wave_variance_spectral_density. Wavenumber is the number of oscillations of a wave per unit distance. Wavenumber moments, M(n) of S1 can then be calculated as follows: M(n) = integral(S1 k^n dk), where k^n is k to the power of n. The inverse wave wavenumber, k(m-1), is calculated as the ratio M(-1)/M(0). The wavelength is the horizontal distance between repeated features on the waveform such as crests, troughs or upward passes through the mean level.
water_potential_evapotranspiration_amount
Unit: kg m-2
Unit ref: KMP2
Potential evapotranspiration is the rate at which evapotranspiration would occur under ambient conditions from a uniformly vegetated area when the water supply is not limiting. "Evapotranspiration" means all water vapor fluxes into the atmosphere from the surface: liquid evaporation, sublimation and transpiration. Transpiration is the process by which liquid water in plant stomata is transferred as water vapor into the atmosphere. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. (The conversion of solid alone into vapor is called "sublimation"). Amount means mass per unit area.
mole_concentration_of_guanosine_triphosphate_in_sea_water
Unit: mol m-3
Unit ref: MLM3
"Mole concentration" means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula of guanosine triphosphate is C10H16N5O14P3.
radio_signal_roundtrip_travel_time_in_air
Unit: s
Unit ref: UTBB
The quantity with standard name radio_signal_roundtrip_travel_time_in_air is the time taken for an electromagnetic signal to propagate from an emitting instrument such as a radar or lidar to a reflecting volume and back again. The signal returned to the instrument is the sum of all scattering from a given volume of air regardless of mechanism (examples are scattering by aerosols, hydrometeors and refractive index irregularities, or whatever else the instrument detects).
number_concentration_of_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: m-3
Unit ref: UPMM
"Number concentration" means the number of particles or other specified objects per unit volume. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself.
received_power_of_radio_wave_in_air_scattered_by_air
Unit: W
Unit ref: WATT
The quantity with standard name received_power_of_radio_wave_in_air_scattered_by_air refers to the received power of the signal at an instrument such as a radar or lidar. The signal returned to the instrument is the sum of all scattering from a given volume of air regardless of mechanism (examples are scattering by aerosols, hydrometeors and refractive index irregularities, or whatever else the instrument detects).
mass_concentration_of_absorption_equivalent_black_carbon_of_pm10_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm10 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 10 micrometers. The absorption equivalent black carbon mass concentration is obtained by conversion from the particle light absorption coefficient with a suitable mass absorption cross-section. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
mass_concentration_of_carbon_in_pm2p5_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm2p5 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. Chemically, "carbon" is the total sum of elemental, organic, and inorganic carbon. In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, inorganic carbon is neglected and its mass is assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
surface_sea_water_x_velocity
Unit: m s-1
Unit ref: UVAA
A velocity is a vector quantity. "x" indicates a vector component along the grid x-axis, positive with increasing x. Ocean currents are related to phenomena of different nature and processes, such as density currents, currents raised by the wind, tide, wave propagation, mass flow in estuaries, etc. This standard name refers to the sum of currents of all origins.
number_concentration_of_cloud_condensation_nuclei_in_air
Unit: m-3
Unit ref: UPMM
"Number concentration" means the number of particles or other specified objects per unit volume. The cloud condensation nuclei number concentration is the total number of aerosol particles per unit volume independent of and integrated over particle size that act as condensation nuclei for liquid-phase clouds. A coordinate variable with the standard name of relative_humidity should be specified to indicate that the property refers to a specific supersaturation with respect to liquid water. The ability of a particle to act as a condensation nucleus is determined by its size, chemical composition, and morphology.
mass_concentration_of_absorption_equivalent_black_carbon_of_pm2p5_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm2p5 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers. The absorption equivalent black carbon mass concentration is obtained by conversion from the particle light absorption coefficient with a suitable mass absorption cross-section. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
mass_concentration_of_chlorophyll_c4_in_sea_water
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Chlorophylls are the green pigments found in most plants, algae and cyanobacteria; their presence is essential for photosynthesis to take place. There are several different forms of chlorophyll that occur naturally. All contain a chlorin ring (chemical formula C20H16N4) which gives the green pigment and a side chain whose structure varies. The naturally occurring forms of chlorophyll contain between 35 and 55 carbon atoms.
mass_concentration_of_carbon_in_pm10_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm10 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 10 micrometers. Chemically, "carbon" is the total sum of elemental, organic, and inorganic carbon. In measurements of carbonaceous aerosols, inorganic carbon is neglected and its mass is assumed to be distributed between the elemental and organic carbon components of the aerosol particles. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
mole_fraction_of_dibromochloromethane_in_air
Unit: mol mol-1
Unit ref: MPMX
"Mole fraction" is used in the construction "mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for dibromochloromethane is CHBr2Cl. The IUPAC name is dibromochloromethane.
surface_sea_water_x_velocity_due_to_tides
Unit: m s-1
Unit ref: UVAA
A velocity is a vector quantity. "x" indicates a vector component along the grid x-axis, positive with increasing x. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun, and the rotation of the Earth. This rise in water level is accompanied by a horizontal movement of water called the tidal current.
stagnation_temperature_in_air
Unit: K
Unit ref: UPKA
In thermodynamics and fluid mechanics, stagnation temperature is the temperature at a stagnation point in a fluid flow. At a stagnation point the speed of the fluid is zero and all of the kinetic energy has been converted to internal energy and is added to the local static enthalpy. In both compressible and incompressible fluid flow, the stagnation temperature is equal to the total temperature at all points on the streamline leading to the stagnation point. In aviation, stagnation temperature is known as total air temperature and is measured by a temperature probe mounted on the surface of the aircraft. The probe is designed to bring the air to rest relative to the aircraft. As the air is brought to rest, kinetic energy is converted to internal energy. The air is compressed and experiences an adiabatic increase in temperature. Therefore, total air temperature is higher than the static (or ambient) air temperature. Total air temperature is an essential input to an air data computer in order to enable computation of static air temperature and hence true airspeed.
sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_phosphorus_in_sea_water
Unit: kg m-2 s-1
Unit ref: KSP2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Sinking" is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes.
surface_sea_water_y_velocity_due_to_tides
Unit: m s-1
Unit ref: UVAA
A velocity is a vector quantity. "y" indicates a vector component along the grid y-axis, positive with increasing y. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Tides are the rise and fall of sea levels caused by the combined effects of the gravitational forces exerted by the Moon and the Sun, and the rotation of the Earth. This rise in water level is accompanied by a horizontal movement of water called the tidal current.
enrichment_of_13C_in_particulate_carbon_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_13C_relative_to_VPDB
Unit: 1
Unit ref: UUUU
Isotopic enrichment of 13C, often called delta 13C, is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 13C:12C. It is a parameterisation of the 13C/12C isotopic ratio in the sample with respect to the isotopic ratio in a reference standard (in this case Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite). It is computed using the formula (((13C/12C)sample / (13C/12C)standard) - 1) * 1000. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes.
mass_concentration_of_absorption_equivalent_black_carbon_of_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The absorption equivalent black carbon mass concentration is obtained by conversion from the particle light absorption coefficient with a suitable mass absorption cross-section. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
mass_concentration_of_absorption_equivalent_black_carbon_of_pm1_dry_aerosol_particles_in_air
Unit: kg m-3
Unit ref: UKMC
"Mass concentration" means mass per unit volume and is used in the construction "mass_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. "Pm1 aerosol" means atmospheric particulate compounds with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or equal to 1 micrometer. The absorption equivalent black carbon mass concentration is obtained by conversion from the particle light absorption coefficient with a suitable mass absorption cross-section. Reference: Petzold, A., Ogren, J. A., Fiebig, M., Laj, P., Li, S.-M., Baltensperger, U., Holzer-Popp, T., Kinne, S., Pappalardo, G., Sugimoto, N., Wehrli, C., Wiedensohler, A., and Zhang, X.-Y.: Recommendations for reporting "black carbon" measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 8365–8379, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-8365-2013, 2013.
sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_in_sea_water
Unit: kg m-2 s-1
Unit ref: KSP2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Sinking" is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Biogenic silica is a hydrated form of silica (silicon dioxide) with the chemical formula SiO2.nH2O sometimes referred to as opaline silica or opal. It is created by biological processes and in sea water it is predominantly the skeletal material of diatoms.
sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_carbon_in_sea_water
Unit: kg m-2 s-1
Unit ref: KSP2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Sinking" is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes.
sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_inorganic_carbon_in_sea_water
Unit: kg m-2 s-1
Unit ref: KSP2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Sinking" is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Particulate inorganic carbon is carbon bound in molecules ionically that may be liberated from the particles as carbon dioxide by acidification.
sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_matter_in_sea_water
Unit: kg m-2 s-1
Unit ref: KSP2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Sinking" is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid.
moles_of_particulate_biogenic_silica_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water
Unit: mol kg-1
Unit ref: MLKG
The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes. Biogenic silica is a hydrated form of silica (silicon dioxide) with the chemical formula SiO2.nH2O sometimes referred to as opaline silica or opal. It is created by biological processes and in sea water it is predominantly the skeletal material of diatoms.
moles_of_hydrogen_peroxide_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water
Unit: mol kg-1
Unit ref: MLKG
The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for hydrogen peroxide is H2O2.
mole_fraction_of_bromodichloromethane_in_air
Unit: mol mol-1
Unit ref: MPMX
"Mole fraction" is used in the construction "mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for bromodichloromethane is CHBrCl2. The IUPAC name is bromodichloromethane.
moles_of_nitrous_oxide_per_unit_mass_in_sea_water
Unit: mol kg-1
Unit ref: MLKG
The construction "moles_of_X_per_unit_mass_in_Y" is also called "molality" of X in Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species or biological group denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The chemical formula for nitrous oxide is N2O. The chemical formula for nitrous oxide is N2O. The equivalent term in the NERC P01 Parameter Usage Vocabulary may be found at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/P01/current/DN2OZZ01/.
spectral_width_of_radio_wave_in_air_scattered_by_air
Unit: Hz
Unit ref: UTHZ
The quantity with standard name spectral_width_of_radio_wave_in_air_scattered_by_air is the frequency width of the signal received by an instrument such as a radar or lidar. The signal returned to the instrument is the sum of all scattering from a given volume of air regardless of mechanism (examples are scattering by aerosols, hydrometeors and refractive index irregularities, or whatever else the instrument detects).
sinking_mass_flux_of_particulate_nitrogen_in_sea_water
Unit: kg m-2 s-1
Unit ref: KSP2
In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "Sinking" is the gravitational settling of particulate matter suspended in a liquid. A sinking flux is positive downwards and is calculated relative to the movement of the surrounding fluid. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes.
sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum
Unit: s
Unit ref: UTBB
A period is an interval of time, or the time-period of an oscillation. Wave period is the interval of time between repeated features on the waveform such as crests, troughs or upward passes through the mean level. The sea_surface_wave_period_at_variance_spectral_density_maximum, sometimes called peak wave period, is the period of the most energetic waves in the total wave spectrum at a specific location. The wave directional spectrum can be written as a five dimensional function S(t,x,y,f,theta) where t is time, x and y are horizontal coordinates (such as longitude and latitude), f is frequency and theta is direction. S has the standard name sea_surface_wave_directional_variance_spectral_density. S can be integrated over direction to give S1= integral(S dtheta) and this quantity has the standard name sea_surface_wave_variance_spectral_density.
enrichment_of_15N_in_particulate_nitrogen_in_sea_water_expressed_as_lowercase_delta_15N_relative_to_atmospheric_nitrogen
Unit: 1
Unit ref: UUUU
Isotopic enrichment of 15N, often called delta 15N, is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N. It is a parameterisation of the 15N/14N isotopic ratio in the sample with respect to the isotopic ratio in a reference standard (in this case atmospheric nitrogen). It is computed using the formula (((15N/14N)sample / (15N/14N)standard) - 1) * 1000. Particulate means suspended solids of all sizes.