TT8F17ZI litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Litter" is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between "fine" and "coarse" is model dependent. The sum of the quantities with standard names surface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen and subsurface_litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen has the standard name litter_mass_content_of_nitrogen. M QDSSNHQK wood_debris_mass_content_of_carbon "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Wood debris" means dead organic matter composed of coarse wood. It is distinct from fine litter. The precise distinction between "fine" and "coarse" is model dependent. M CFSN0539 mass_fraction_of_graupel_in_air Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of X to the mass of Y (including X). Graupel consists of heavily rimed snow particles, often called snow pellets; often indistinguishable from very small soft hail except when the size convention that hail must have a diameter greater than 5 mm is adopted. Reference: American Meteorological Society Glossary http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Graupel. There are also separate standard names for hail. Standard names for "graupel_and_hail" should be used to describe data produced by models that do not distinguish between hail and graupel. M R3Z9T14A tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_ox_in_air_due_to_chemical_and_photolytic_production The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The term "ox" means a combination of three radical species containing 1 or 3 oxygen atoms: O + O1d + O3. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. The phrase "chemical and photolytic production" means the result of all chemical and photolytic reactions within the medium (here, atmosphere) that produce a certain amount of the particular species. I Q2MSMD99 nudging_increment_in_mass_content_of_water_in_soil A "nudging increment" refers to an amount added to parts of a model system. The phrase "nudging_increment_in_X" refers to an increment in quantity X over a time period which should be defined in the bounds of the time coordinate. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. "Water" means water in all phases. The mass content of water in soil refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including "content_of_soil_layer" are used. I 9XBTGUN5 surface_net_downward_shortwave_dust_ambient_aerosol_particles_direct_radiative_effect The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The term "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "X_direct_radiative_effect" refers to the instantaneous radiative impact of X on the Earth's energy balance, excluding secondary effects such as changes in cloud cover which may be caused by X. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. "Ambient_aerosol" means that the aerosol is measured or modelled at the ambient state of pressure, temperature and relative humidity that exists in its immediate environment. "Ambient aerosol particles" are aerosol particles that have taken up ambient water through hygroscopic growth. The extent of hygroscopic growth depends on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. To specify the relative humidity and temperature at which the quantity described by the standard name applies, provide scalar coordinate variables with standard names of "relative_humidity" and "air_temperature". I CFV8N81 surface_snow_and_ice_sublimation_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Sublimation is the conversion of solid into vapor. The snow and ice sublimation flux is the loss of snow and ice mass resulting from their conversion to water vapor. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. M JCGDJQJ5 surface_net_downward_longwave_dust_ambient_aerosol_particles_direct_radiative_effect The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). Net downward radiation is the difference between radiation from above (downwelling) and radiation from below (upwelling). The term "longwave" means longwave radiation. "X_direct_radiative_effect" refers to the instantaneous radiative impact of X on the Earth's energy balance, excluding secondary effects such as changes in cloud cover which may be caused by X. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. "Ambient_aerosol" means that the aerosol is measured or modelled at the ambient state of pressure, temperature and relative humidity that exists in its immediate environment. "Ambient aerosol particles" are aerosol particles that have taken up ambient water through hygroscopic growth. The extent of hygroscopic growth depends on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. To specify the relative humidity and temperature at which the quantity described by the standard name applies, provide scalar coordinate variables with standard names of "relative_humidity" and "air_temperature". I NAZIJ291 surface_net_downward_shortwave_dust_ambient_aerosol_particles_direct_radiative_effect_assuming_clear_sky The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The term "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. "X_direct_radiative_effect" refers to the instantaneous radiative impact of X on the Earth's energy balance, excluding secondary effects such as changes in cloud cover which may be caused by X. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. "Ambient_aerosol" means that the aerosol is measured or modelled at the ambient state of pressure, temperature and relative humidity that exists in its immediate environment. "Ambient aerosol particles" are aerosol particles that have taken up ambient water through hygroscopic growth. The extent of hygroscopic growth depends on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. To specify the relative humidity and temperature at which the quantity described by the standard name applies, provide scalar coordinate variables with standard names of "relative_humidity" and "air_temperature". A phrase "assuming_condition" indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "Clear sky" means in the absence of clouds. I 92X5O7UW tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_dust_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_deposition The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The mass is the total mass of the particles. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Deposition" is the sum of wet and dry deposition. I SQWOLREE surface_net_downward_longwave_dust_ambient_aerosol_particles_direct_radiative_effect_assuming_clear_sky The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The term "longwave" means longwave radiation. "X_direct_radiative_effect" refers to the instantaneous radiative impact of X on the Earth's energy balance, excluding secondary effects such as changes in cloud cover which may be caused by X. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. "Ambient_aerosol" means that the aerosol is measured or modelled at the ambient state of pressure, temperature and relative humidity that exists in its immediate environment. "Ambient aerosol particles" are aerosol particles that have taken up ambient water through hygroscopic growth. The extent of hygroscopic growth depends on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. To specify the relative humidity and temperature at which the quantity described by the standard name applies, provide scalar coordinate variables with standard names of "relative_humidity" and "air_temperature". A phrase "assuming_condition" indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "Clear sky" means in the absence of clouds. I K2I54UFY toa_longwave_dust_ambient_aerosol_particles_direct_radiative_effect_assuming_clear_sky "toa" means top of atmosphere. The term "longwave" means longwave radiation. "X_direct_radiative_effect" refers to the instantaneous radiative impact of X on the Earth's energy balance, excluding secondary effects such as changes in cloud cover which may be caused by X. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. "Ambient_aerosol" means that the aerosol is measured or modelled at the ambient state of pressure, temperature and relative humidity that exists in its immediate environment. "Ambient aerosol particles" are aerosol particles that have taken up ambient water through hygroscopic growth. The extent of hygroscopic growth depends on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. To specify the relative humidity and temperature at which the quantity described by the standard name applies, provide scalar coordinate variables with standard names of "relative_humidity" and "air_temperature". A phrase "assuming_condition" indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "Clear sky" means in the absence of clouds. I PJDNDMLV river_water_volume_transport_out_of_cell "Cell" refers to a model grid-cell. The extent of an individual grid cell is defined by the horizontal coordinates and any associated coordinate bounds or by a string valued auxiliary coordinate variable with a standard name of "region". "Water" means water in all phases. "River" refers to water in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain). I CF14N70 tendency_of_mass_fraction_of_stratiform_cloud_condensed_water_in_air_due_to_boundary_layer_mixing The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of X to the mass of Y (including X). A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". In an atmosphere model, stratiform cloud is that produced by large-scale convergence (not the convectionschemes). The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. The phrase "condensed_water" means liquid and ice. "Boundary layer mixing" means turbulent motions that transport heat, water, momentum and chemical constituents within the atmospheric boundary layer and affect exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The atmospheric boundary layer is typically characterised by a well-mixed sub-cloud layer of order 500 metres, and by a more extended conditionally unstable layer with boundary-layer clouds up to 2 km. (Reference: IPCC Third Assessment Report, Working Group 1: The Scientific Basis, 7.2.2.3, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/273.htm). M surface_ice_sublimation_flux The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Sublimation is the conversion of solid into vapor. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. I 094KJB4R nudging_increment_in_snow_and_ice_amount_on_land A "nudging increment" refers to an amount added to parts of a model system. The phrase "nudging_increment_in_X" refers to an increment in quantity X over a time period which should be defined in the bounds of the time coordinate. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Snow and ice on land" means ice in glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets & shelves, river and lake ice, any other ice on a land surface, such as frozen flood water, and snow lying on such ice or on the land surface. I CF12N773 tendency_of_mass_fraction_of_stratiform_cloud_liquid_water_in_air_due_to_condensation_and_evaporation_from_boundary_layer_mixing The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of X to the mass of Y (including X). A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". In an atmosphere model, stratiform cloud is that produced by large-scale convergence (not the convection schemes). The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Condensation is the conversion of vapor into liquid. Evaporation is the conversion of liquid or solid into vapor. "Boundary layer mixing" means turbulent motions that transport heat, water, momentum and chemical constituents within the atmospheric boundary layer and affect exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The atmospheric boundary layer is typically characterised by a well-mixed sub-cloud layer of order 500 metres, and by a more extended conditionally unstable layer with boundary-layer clouds up to 2 km. (Reference: IPCC Third Assessment Report, Working Group 1: The Scientific Basis, 7.2.2.3, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/273.htm). M NVKB0W6N photolysis_rate_of_molecular_oxygen "Photolysis" is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons. The "reaction rate" is the rate at which the reactants of a chemical reaction form the products. The chemical formula for molecular oxygen is O2. I 3LC5V3PL surface_upward_latent_heat_flux_due_to_sublimation The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). The surface latent heat flux is the exchange of heat between the surface and the air on account of evaporation (including sublimation). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. Sublimation is the conversion of solid into vapor. I BONZCG5H tendency_of_specific_humidity_due_to_boundary_layer_mixing The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Specific" means per unit mass. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Boundary layer mixing" means turbulent motions that transport heat, water, momentum and chemical constituents within the atmospheric boundary layer and affect exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The atmospheric boundary layer is typically characterised by a well-mixed sub-cloud layer of order 500 metres, and by a more extended conditionally unstable layer with boundary-layer clouds up to 2 km. (Reference: IPCC Third Assessment Report, Working Group 1: The Scientific Basis, 7.2.2.3, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/273.htm). M EPBI7YXY mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer_defined_by_root_depth "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The content of a soil layer is the vertical integral of the specified quantity within the layer. The quantity with standard name mass_content_of_water_in_soil_layer_defined_by_root_depth is the vertical integral between the surface and the depth to which plant roots penetrate. A coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable with standard name root_depth can be used to specify the extent of the layer. "Water" means water in all phases. I E51UYNQI mole_fraction_of_ox_in_air Mole fraction is used in the construction "mole_fraction_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The term "ox" means a combination of three radical species containing 1 or 3 oxygen atoms: O + O1d + O3. I WBWKDWDA tendency_of_mole_concentration_of_ox_in_air_due_to_chemical_destruction The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Mole concentration means number of moles per unit volume, also called "molarity", and is used in the construction "mole_concentration_of_X_in_Y", where X is a material constituent of Y. A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". The term "ox" means a combination of three radical species containing 1 or 3 oxygen atoms: O + O1d + O3. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Chemical destruction" means the result of all chemical reactions within the medium (here, atmosphere) that remove a certain amount of a particular species from the medium. I FARGE6O1 photolysis_rate_of_ozone_to_1D_oxygen_atom "Photolysis" is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons. The "reaction rate" is the rate at which the reactants of a chemical reaction form the products. The chemical formula for ozone is O3. The IUPAC name for ozone is trioxygen. "1D oxygen atom" means the singlet D state, an excited state, of the oxygen atom. The combined photolysis rate of ozone to both excited and ground state oxygen atoms has the standard name photolysis_rate_of_ozone. M EOU697N7 tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_boundary_layer_mixing The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Boundary layer mixing" means turbulent motions that transport heat, water, momentum and chemical constituents within the atmospheric boundary layer and affect exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The atmospheric boundary layer is typically characterised by a well-mixed sub-cloud layer of order 500 metres, and by a more extended conditionally unstable layer with boundary-layer clouds up to 2 km. (Reference: IPCC Third Assessment Report, Working Group 1: The Scientific Basis, 7.2.2.3, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/273.htm). M S036R4PA liquid_water_mass_flux_into_soil_due_to_surface_snow_melt In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The phrase "surface_snow" means snow lying on the surface. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. I CFV13N34 tendency_of_specific_humidity_due_to_stratiform_cloud_and_precipitation_and_boundary_layer_mixing The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. In an atmosphere model, stratiform cloud is that produced by large-scale convergence (not the convection schemes). "Precipitation" in the earth's atmosphere means precipitation of water in all phases. "Boundary layer mixing" means turbulent motions that transport heat, water, momentum and chemical constituents within the atmospheric boundary layer and affect exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The atmospheric boundary layer is typically characterised by a well-mixed sub-cloud layer of order 500 metres, and by a more extended conditionally unstable layer with boundary-layer clouds up to 2 km. (Reference: IPCC Third Assessment Report, Working Group 1: The Scientific Basis, 7.2.2.3, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/273.htm). M U5OFMC8F photolysis_rate_of_ozone "Photolysis" is a chemical reaction in which a chemical compound is broken down by photons. The "reaction rate" is the rate at which the reactants of a chemical reaction form the products. The chemical formula for ozone is O3. The IUPAC name for ozone is trioxygen. The quantity with standard name photolysis_rate_of_ozone is the rate of photolytic loss of ozone, including all possible photolysis channels to form ground state atomic oxygen (O3P ) and excited (singlet D) atomic oxygen (O1D). Photolysis to the excited state only has the standard name photolysis_rate_of_ozone_to_1D_oxygen_atom. I CF14N78 tendency_of_mass_fraction_of_stratiform_cloud_liquid_water_in_air_due_to_boundary_layer_mixing The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of X to the mass of Y (including X). A chemical or biological species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". In an atmosphere model, stratiform cloud is that produced by large-scale convergence (not the convection schemes). The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Boundary layer mixing" means turbulent motions that transport heat, water, momentum and chemical constituents within the atmospheric boundary layer and affect exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The atmospheric boundary layer is typically characterised by a well-mixed sub-cloud layer of order 500 metres, and by a more extended conditionally unstable layer with boundary-layer clouds up to 2 km. (Reference: IPCC Third Assessment Report, Working Group 1: The Scientific Basis, 7.2.2.3, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/273.htm). M CFV15A13 stratiform_graupel_flux In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. Stratiform precipitation, whether liquid or frozen, is precipitation that formed in stratiform cloud. Graupel consists of heavily rimed snow particles, often called snow pellets; often indistinguishable from very small soft hail except when the size convention that hail must have a diameter greater than 5 mm is adopted. Reference: American Meteorological Society Glossary http://glossary.ametsoc.org/wiki/Graupel. There are also separate standard names for hail. Standard names for "graupel_and_hail" should be used to describe data produced by models that do not distinguish between hail and graupel. M CFSN0256 surface_snow_sublimation_amount The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Amount" means mass per unit area. Sublimation is the conversion of solid into vapor. M EM3CCC6E minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_dust_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_deposition The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Deposition" is the sum of wet and dry deposition. I 7FTOMMAT canopy_snow_amount "Amount" means mass per unit area. "Canopy" means the plant or vegetation canopy. The phrase "canopy_snow" means snow lying on the canopy. I RTW6FDF9 minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_insoluble_dust_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_deposition The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Deposition" is the sum of wet and dry deposition. I CFV10S3 water_volume_transport_into_sea_water_from_rivers "Water" means water in all phases. The water flux or volume transport into sea water from rivers is the inflow to the ocean, often applied to the surface in ocean models. "River" refers to water in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain). M CF14N74 tendency_of_mass_fraction_of_stratiform_cloud_ice_in_air_due_to_boundary_layer_mixing The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Mass fraction is used in the construction mass_fraction_of_X_in_Y, where X is a material constituent of Y. It means the ratio of the mass of X to the mass of Y (including X). A chemical species denoted by X may be described by a single term such as "nitrogen" or a phrase such as "nox_expressed_as_nitrogen". In an atmosphere model, stratiform cloud is that produced by large-scale convergence (not the convection schemes). The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Boundary layer mixing" means turbulent motions that transport heat, water, momentum and chemical constituents within the atmospheric boundary layer and affect exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The atmospheric boundary layer is typically characterised by a well-mixed sub-cloud layer of order 500 metres, and by a more extended conditionally unstable layer with boundary-layer clouds up to 2 km. (Reference: IPCC Third Assessment Report, Working Group 1: The Scientific Basis, 7.2.2.3, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/273.htm). M CFV13A10 tendency_of_specific_humidity_due_to_stratiform_precipitation The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Specific humidity is the mass fraction of water vapor in (moist) air. In an atmosphere model, stratiform cloud is that produced by large-scale convergence (not the convection schemes). The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. M CFV13N29 tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_stratiform_cloud_and_precipitation_and_boundary_layer_mixing The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. The specification of a physical process by the phrase due_to_process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. In an atmosphere model, stratiform cloud is that produced by large-scale convergence (not the convection schemes). "Boundary layer mixing" means turbulent motions that transport heat, water, momentum and chemical constituents within the atmospheric boundary layer and affect exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The atmospheric boundary layer is typically characterised by a well-mixed sub-cloud layer of order 500 metres, and by a more extended conditionally unstable layer with boundary-layer clouds up to 2 km. (Reference: IPCC Third Assessment Report, Working Group 1: The Scientific Basis, 7.2.2.3, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/273.htm). M 162XLWW7 river_water_volume_transport_into_cell "Cell" refers to a model grid-cell. The extent of an individual grid cell is defined by the horizontal coordinates and any associated coordinate bounds or by a string valued auxiliary coordinate variable with a standard name of "region". "Water" means water in all phases. "River" refers to water in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain). I CFSN0471 ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_temperature The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed. The base of the mixed layer defined by "temperature", "sigma", "sigma_theta", "sigma_t" or vertical diffusivity is the level at which the quantity indicated differs from its surface value by a certain amount. A coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable with standard name sea_water_temperature_difference can be used to specify the temperature criterion that determines the layer thickness. Sea water temperature is the in situ temperature of the sea water. "Thickness" means the vertical extent of a layer. M