IDKJG4QT	tendency_of_eastward_wind_due_to_advection_by_upward_transformed_eulerian_mean_air_velocity		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name "upward_air_velocity"). The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. The "Transformed Eulerian Mean" refers to a formulation of the mean equations which incorporates some eddy terms into the definition of the mean, described in Andrews et al (1987): Middle Atmospheric Dynamics. Academic Press.	I
J6PCRA9X	toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_no_aerosol		The abbreviation "toa" means top of atmosphere. The term "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. A phrase "assuming_condition" indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition.	I
7XIDLX9W	tendency_of_eastward_wind_due_to_advection_by_northward_transformed_eulerian_mean_air_velocity		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name "upward_air_velocity"). The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. The "Transformed Eulerian Mean" refers to a formulation of the mean equations which incorporates some eddy terms into the definition of the mean, described in Andrews et al (1987): Middle Atmospheric Dynamics. Academic Press.	I
YS83SX9Z	surface_net_upward_mass_flux_of_methane_due_to_emission_from_wetland_biological_processes		"Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). A net upward flux is the difference between the flux from below (upward) and the flux from above (downward). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The chemical formula for methane is CH4. Methane is a member of the group of hydrocarbons known as alkanes. There are standard names for the alkane group as well as for some of the individual species. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Emission" means emission from a primary source located anywhere within the atmosphere, including at the lower boundary (i.e. the surface of the earth). "Emission" is a process entirely distinct from "re-emission" which is used in some standard names. Wetlands are areas where water covers the soil, or is present either at or near the surface of the soil all year or for varying periods of time during the year, including during the growing season. The precise conditions under which wetlands produce and consume methane can vary between models. The quantity with standard name surface_net_upward_mass_flux_of_methane_due_to_emission_from_wetland_biological_processes is the difference between the upward and downward surface fluxes of methane which have standard names surface_upward_mass_flux_of_methane_due_to_emission_from_wetland_biological_production and surface_downward_mass_flux_of_methane_due_to_wetland_biological_consumption, respectively.	I
CF12N578	salt_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers		In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "River" refers to water in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain).	M
CF12N804	water_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers_and_surface_downward_water_flux		"Water" means water in all phases, including frozen i.e. ice and snow. The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). The surface water flux is the result of precipitation and evaporation. The water flux into sea water is the freshwater entering as a result of precipitation, evaporation, river inflow, sea ice effects and water flux correction (if applied). The water flux or volume transport into sea water from rivers is the inflow to the ocean, often applied to the surface in ocean models. "River" refers to water in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain). In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics.	M
CF12N798	virtual_salt_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers		The virtual_salt_flux_into_sea_water_due_to_process is the salt flux that would have the same effect on the sea surface salinity as water_flux_out_of_sea_water_due_to_process. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "River" refers to water in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain).	M
RRXU9PEK	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_wet_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The chemical formula for the sulfate anion is SO4(2-). The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Wet deposition" means deposition by precipitation.	I
8BYP1YKF	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_dust_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_wet_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Wet deposition" means deposition by precipitation.	I
DBC1EZUY	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_dust_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_dry_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The mass is the total mass of the particles. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Dry deposition" is the sum of turbulent deposition and gravitational settling.	I
3691THAI	surface_upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clean_clear_sky		The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". The term "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. A phrase "assuming_condition" indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "Clean sky" means in the absence of atmospheric aerosol. "Clear sky" means in the absence of clouds.	I
LQG3P3P4	change_over_time_in_mass_content_of_water_in_soil		The phrase "change_over_time_in_X" means change in a quantity X over a time-interval, which should be defined by the bounds of the time coordinate. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The mass content of water in soil refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including "content_of_soil_layer" are used. "Water" means water in all phases.	I
HBLPLTWJ	mass_flux_of_nitrogen_compounds_expressed_as_nitrogen_into_sea_from_rivers		In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. "Nitrogen compounds" summarizes all chemical species containing nitrogen atoms. The list of individual species that are included in this quantity can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. "River" refers to water in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain).	M
10QV8U2K	upwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clean_clear_sky		Upwelling radiation is radiation from below. It does not mean "net upward". The term "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. A phrase "assuming_condition" indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "Clean sky" means in the absence of atmospheric aerosol. "Clear sky" means in the absence of clouds.	I
HRHBPY2C	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_sulfur_dioxide_due_to_wet_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The chemical formula for sulfur dioxide is SO2. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Wet deposition" means deposition by precipitation.	I
5W1IRDGM	change_over_time_in_canopy_water_amount		The phrase "change_over_time_in_X" means change in a quantity X over a time-interval, which should be defined by the bounds of the time coordinate. "Canopy" means the plant or vegetation canopy. Canopy water is the water on the canopy. "Water" means water in all phases, including frozen, i.e. ice and snow. "Amount" means mass per unit area.	I
VBODDE3B	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_ammonia_due_to_dry_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The chemical formula for ammonia is NH3. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Dry deposition" is the sum of turbulent deposition and gravitational settling.	I
QV8NTU29	toa_outgoing_shortwave_flux_assuming_clean_clear_sky		The abbreviation "toa" means top of atmosphere. The term "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. The TOA outgoing shortwave flux is the reflected and scattered solar radiative flux i.e. the "upwelling" TOA shortwave flux, sometimes called the "outgoing shortwave radiation" or "OSR". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. A phrase "assuming_condition" indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "Clean sky" means in the absence of atmospheric aerosol. "Clear sky" means in the absence of clouds.	I
HT907O8O	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_dry_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The term "particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol" means all particulate organic matter dry aerosol except elemental carbon. It is the sum of primary_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol and secondary_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol. The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Dry deposition" is the sum of turbulent deposition and gravitational settling.	I
CFSN0469	ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t		The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed. The base of the mixed layer defined by "temperature", "sigma", "sigma_theta", "sigma_t" or vertical diffusivity is the level at which the quantity indicated differs from its surface value by a certain amount. A coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable with standard name sea_water_sigma_t_difference can be used to specify the sigma_t criterion that determines the layer thickness. Sigma-t of sea water is the density of water at atmospheric pressure (i.e. the surface) having the same temperature and salinity, minus 1000 kg m-3. "Thickness" means the vertical extent of a layer.	M
EQUNJT0R	isotope_ratio_of_18O_to_16O_in_sea_water_excluding_solutes_and_solids		The phrase "ratio_of_X_to_Y" means X/Y. The phrase "isotope_ratio" is used in the construction isotope_ratio_of_A_to_B where A and B are both named isotopes. It means the ratio of the number of atoms of A to the number of atoms of B present within a medium. "O" means the element "oxygen" and "18O" is the stable isotope "oxygen-18". "16O" is the stable isotope "oxygen-16". The phrase "in_sea_water_excluding_solutes_and_solids" means that the standard name refers only to the chemical compound water and does not include material that may be dissolved or suspended in the aqueous medium.	M
XBW0AJC7	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_noy_expressed_as_nitrogen_due_to_wet_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. "Noy" describes a family of chemical species. The family usually includes atomic nitrogen (N), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), nitric acid (HNO3), peroxynitric acid (HNO4), bromine nitrate (BrONO2), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) and organic nitrates (most notably peroxyacetyl nitrate, sometimes referred to as PAN, (CH3COO2NO2)). The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Wet deposition" means deposition by precipitation.	I
4ID7CI3C	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_nitrogen_compounds_expressed_as_nitrogen_due_to_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. "Nitrogen compounds" summarizes all chemical species containing nitrogen atoms. Usually, particle bound and gaseous nitrogen compounds, such as atomic nitrogen (N), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), nitric acid (HNO3), nitrate (NO3-), peroxynitric acid (HNO4), ammonia (NH3), ammonium (NH4+), bromine nitrate (BrONO2), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) and organic nitrates (most notably peroxyacetyl nitrate, sometimes referred to as PAN, (CH3COO2NO2)) are included. The list of individual species that are included in this quantity can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Deposition" is the sum of wet and dry deposition.	I
CFSN0467	ocean_mixed_layer_thickness		The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed. Various criteria are used to define the mixed layer; this can be specified by using a standard name of ocean_mixed_layer_defined_by_X. "Thickness" means the vertical extent of a layer.	M
WY2ML5Q7	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_sea_salt_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_wet_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Wet deposition" means deposition by precipitation.	I
CFSN0470	ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_theta		The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed.  The base of the mixed layer defined by "temperature", "sigma", "sigma_theta", "sigma_t" or vertical diffusivity is the level at which the quantity indicated differs from its surface value by a certain amount. A coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable with standard name sea_water_sigma_theta_difference can be used to specify the sigma_theta criterion that determines the layer thickness. Sigma-theta of sea water is the potential density (i.e. the density when moved adiabatically to a reference pressure) of water having the same temperature and salinity, minus 1000 kg m-3. "Thickness" means the vertical extent of a layer.	M
CFSN0471	ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_temperature		The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed. The base of the mixed layer defined by temperature, sigma or sigma_theta is the level at which the quantity indicated differs from its surface value by a certain amount. A coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable with standard name sea_water_temperature_difference can be used to specify the temperature criterion that determines the layer thickness. Sea water temperature is the in situ temperature of the sea water. "Thickness" means the vertical extent of a layer.	M
LCZEHGWA	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_ammonium_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_wet_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The chemical formula for ammonium is NH4. The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Wet deposition" means deposition by precipitation.	I
CF12N586	square_of_ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_sigma_t		The phrase "square_of_X" means X*X. The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed. The base of the mixed layer defined by "temperature", "sigma", "sigma_theta", "sigma_t" or vertical diffusivity is the level at which the quantity indicated differs from its surface value by a certain amount. A coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable with standard name sea_water_sigma_t_difference can be used to specify the sigma_t criterion that determines the layer thickness. Sigma-t of sea water is the density of water at atmospheric pressure (i.e. the surface) having the same temperature and salinity, minus 1000 kg m-3. "Thickness" means the vertical extent of a layer.	M
R3YIPVDO	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_sea_salt_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_dry_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Dry deposition" is the sum of turbulent deposition and gravitational settling.	I
E36YCN7I	change_over_time_in_thermal_energy_content_of_vegetation_and_litter_and_soil		The phrase "change_over_time_in_X" means change in a quantity X over a time-interval, which should be defined by the bounds of the time coordinate. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. Thermal energy is the total vibrational energy, kinetic and potential, of all the molecules and atoms in a substance. "Vegetation" means any living plants e.g. trees, shrubs, grass. The term "plants" refers to the kingdom of plants in the modern classification which excludes fungi. Plants are autotrophs i.e. "producers" of biomass using carbon obtained from carbon dioxide. "Litter" is dead plant material in or above the soil. It is distinct from coarse wood debris. The precise distinction between "fine" and "coarse" is model dependent. The "soil content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface down to the bottom of the soil model. For the content between specified levels in the soil, standard names including "content_of_soil_layer" are used.	I
CFSN0468	ocean_mixed_layer_thickness_defined_by_mixing_scheme		The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed. The base of the mixed layer defined by the mixing scheme is a diagnostic of ocean models. "Thickness" means the vertical extent of a layer.	M
J95ROWAH	frequency_of_lightning_flashes_per_unit_area		A lightning flash is a compound event, usually consisting of several discharges. Frequency is the number of oscillations of a wave, or the number of occurrences of an event, per unit time.	I
CFV10N20	model_level_number_at_base_of_ocean_mixed_layer_defined_by_sigma_theta		The ocean mixed layer is the upper part of the ocean, regarded as being well-mixed.  The base of the mixed layer defined by "temperature", "sigma", "sigma_theta", "sigma_t" or vertical diffusivity is the level at which the quantity indicated differs from its surface value by a certain amount. A coordinate variable or scalar coordinate variable with standard name sea_water_sigma_theta_difference can be used to specify the sigma_theta criterion that determines the layer thickness. Sigma-theta of sea water is the potential density (i.e. the density when moved adiabatically to a reference pressure) of water having the same temperature and salinity, minus 1000 kg m-3. The quantity model_level_number_at_base_of_ocean_mixed_layer_defined_by_sigma_theta is sometimes referred to as the "bowl index".	M
6MM115VF	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_noy_expressed_as_nitrogen_due_to_dry_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The phrase "expressed_as" is used in the construction A_expressed_as_B, where B is a chemical constituent of A. It means that the quantity indicated by the standard name is calculated solely with respect to the B contained in A, neglecting all other chemical constituents of A. "Noy" describes a family of chemical species. The family usually includes atomic nitrogen (N), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5), nitric acid (HNO3), peroxynitric acid (HNO4), bromine nitrate (BrONO2), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) and organic nitrates (most notably peroxyacetyl nitrate, sometimes referred to as PAN, (CH3COO2NO2)). The list of individual species that are included in a quantity having a group chemical standard name can vary between models. Where possible, the data variable should be accompanied by a complete description of the species represented, for example, by using a comment attribute. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Dry deposition" is the sum of turbulent deposition and gravitational settling.	I
LE4N54NF	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_dry_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The chemical formula for the sulfate anion is SO4(2-). The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Dry deposition" is the sum of turbulent deposition and gravitational settling.	I
B3A3A5L4	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_ammonium_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_dry_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The chemical formula for ammonium is NH4. The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Dry deposition" is the sum of turbulent deposition and gravitational settling.	I
MJFS80CB	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_sulfur_dioxide_due_to_dry_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The chemical formula for sulfur dioxide is SO2. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Dry deposition" is the sum of turbulent deposition and gravitational settling.	I
MPD2TMYU	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_elemental_carbon_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_wet_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. Chemically, "elemental carbon" is the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter that is thermally stable in an inert atmosphere to high temperatures near 4000 K and can only be gasified by oxidation starting at temperatures above 340 degrees Celsius. It is assumed to be inert and non-volatile under atmospheric conditions and insoluble in any solvent (Ogren and Charlson, 1983). The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Wet deposition" means deposition by precipitation.	I
DOY6PGHX	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_ammonia_due_to_wet_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The chemical formula for ammonia is NH3. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Wet deposition" means deposition by precipitation.	I
HR1DOPFG	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_ozone_due_to_dry_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. The chemical formula for ozone is O3. The IUPAC name for ozone is trioxygen. The mass is the total mass of the molecules. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Dry deposition" is the sum of turbulent deposition and gravitational settling.	I
G8OVLDSJ	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_wet_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. The term "particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol" means all particulate organic matter dry aerosol except elemental carbon. It is the sum of primary_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol and secondary_particulate_organic_matter_dry_aerosol. The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Wet deposition" means deposition by precipitation.	I
7B9Z7JUV	tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_dissipation_of_orographic_gravity_waves		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Orographic gravity waves" refer to gravity waves which are generated by flow over orography. The dissipation of gravity waves generates heating through an eddy heat flux convergence and through a viscous stress term.	I
OGLPX4OD	tendency_of_northward_wind_due_to_orographic_gravity_wave_drag		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name "upward_air_velocity"). The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Orographic gravity waves" refer to gravity waves which are generated by flow over orography. The quantity with standard name tendency_of_northward_wind_due_to_gravity_wave_drag is the total tendency of the northward wind due to gravity waves. It is the sum of the tendencies due to orographic and nonorographic gravity waves which have the standard names tendency_of_northward_wind_due_to_orographic_gravity_wave_drag and tendency_of_northward_wind_due_to_nonorographic_gravity_wave_drag, respectively.	I
KKU5IUR9	atmosphere_transformed_eulerian_mean_meridional_overturning_mass_streamfunction		The "meridional mass streamfunction" is a streamfunction of the zonally averaged mass transport in the meridional plane. The "Transformed Eulerian Mean" refers to a formulation of the mean equations which incorporates some eddy terms into the definition of the mean, described in Andrews et al (1987): Middle Atmospheric Dynamics. Academic Press.	I
XY0Q9IH4	surface_downward_northward_stress_due_to_boundary_layer_mixing		The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Downward northward" indicates the ZY component of a tensor. A downward northward stress is a downward flux of northward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium northward and the upper medium southward. The surface downward stress is the wind stress on the surface. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Boundary layer mixing" means turbulent motions that transport heat, water, momentum and chemical constituents within the atmospheric boundary layer and affect exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The atmospheric boundary layer is typically characterised by a well-mixed sub-cloud layer of order 500 metres, and by a more extended conditionally unstable layer with boundary-layer clouds up to 2 km. (Reference: IPCC Third Assessment Report, Working Group 1: The Scientific Basis, 7.2.2.3, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/273.htm).	I
IY8BCT2K	surface_downward_eastward_stress_due_to_boundary_layer_mixing		The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. "Downward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed downward (negative upward). "Eastward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed eastward (negative westward). "Downward eastward" indicates the ZX component of a tensor. A downward eastward stress is a downward flux of eastward momentum, which accelerates the lower medium eastward and the upper medium westward. The surface downward stress is the wind stress on the surface. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Boundary layer mixing" means turbulent motions that transport heat, water, momentum and chemical constituents within the atmospheric boundary layer and affect exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. The atmospheric boundary layer is typically characterised by a well-mixed sub-cloud layer of order 500 metres, and by a more extended conditionally unstable layer with boundary-layer clouds up to 2 km. (Reference: IPCC Third Assessment Report, Working Group 1: The Scientific Basis, 7.2.2.3, https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/273.htm).	I
MKQ5SKU1	tendency_of_air_temperature_due_to_dissipation_of_nonorographic_gravity_waves		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. Air temperature is the bulk temperature of the air, not the surface (skin) temperature. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Nonorographic" gravity waves refer to gravity waves which are not generated by flow over orography. The dissipation of gravity waves generates heating through an eddy heat flux convergence and through a viscous stress term.	I
AOQ3DK89	tendency_of_northward_wind_due_to_nonorographic_gravity_wave_drag		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. "Northward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed northward (negative southward). Wind is defined as a two-dimensional (horizontal) air velocity vector, with no vertical component. (Vertical motion in the atmosphere has the standard name "upward_air_velocity"). The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Nonorographic" gravity waves refer to gravity waves which are not generated by flow over orography. The quantity with standard name tendency_of_northward_wind_due_to_gravity_wave_drag is the total tendency of the northward wind due to gravity waves. It is the sum of the tendencies due to orographic and nonorographic gravity waves which have the standard names tendency_of_northward_wind_due_to_orographic_gravity_wave_drag and tendency_of_northward_wind_due_to_nonorographic_gravity_wave_drag, respectively.	I
KUFDGKZ6	minus_tendency_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_elemental_carbon_dry_aerosol_particles_due_to_dry_deposition		The phrase "tendency_of_X" means derivative of X with respect to time. The phrase "minus_tendency" means that the quantity described takes the opposite sign convention to that for the quantity which has the same standard name apart from this phrase, i.e. the two quantities differ from one another by a factor of -1. Thus a "minus_tendency" in the atmosphere means a positive deposition rate onto the underlying surface. "Content" indicates a quantity per unit area. The "atmosphere content" of a quantity refers to the vertical integral from the surface to the top of the atmosphere. For the content between specified levels in the atmosphere, standard names including "content_of_atmosphere_layer" are used. "Aerosol" means the system of suspended liquid or solid particles in air (except cloud droplets) and their carrier gas, the air itself. Aerosol particles take up ambient water (a process known as hygroscopic growth) depending on the relative humidity and the composition of the particles. "Dry aerosol particles" means aerosol particles without any water uptake. Chemically, "elemental carbon" is the carbonaceous fraction of particulate matter that is thermally stable in an inert atmosphere to high temperatures near 4000K and can only be gasified by oxidation starting at temperatures above 340 C. It is assumed to be inert and non-volatile under atmospheric conditions and insoluble in any solvent (Ogren and Charlson, 1983). The mass is the total mass of the particles. The specification of a physical process by the phrase "due_to_" process means that the quantity named is a single term in a sum of terms which together compose the general quantity named by omitting the phrase. "Dry deposition" is the sum of turbulent deposition and gravitational settling.	I
Z1FWE30L	upward_transformed_eulerian_mean_air_velocity		A velocity is a vector quantity. "Upward" indicates a vector component which is positive when directed upward (negative downward). Upward air velocity is the vertical component of the 3D air velocity vector. The "Transformed Eulerian Mean" refers to a formulation of the mean equations which incorporates some eddy terms into the definition of the mean, described in Andrews et al (1987): Middle Atmospheric Dynamics. Academic Press.	I
CFV10S2	water_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers		"Water" means water in all phases. The water flux or volume transport into sea water from rivers is the inflow to the ocean, often applied to the surface in ocean models. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "River" refers to water in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain).	M
E413P1AY	isotope_ratio_of_17O_to_16O_in_sea_water_excluding_solutes_and_solids		The phrase "ratio_of_X_to_Y" means X/Y. The phrase "isotope_ratio" is used in the construction isotope_ratio_of_A_to_B where A and B are both named isotopes. It means the ratio of the number of atoms of A to the number of atoms of B present within a medium. "O" means the element "oxygen" and "17O" is the stable isotope "oxygen-17". "16O" is the stable isotope "oxygen-16". The phrase "in_sea_water_excluding_solutes_and_solids" means that the standard name refers only to the chemical compound water and does not include material that may be dissolved or suspended in the aqueous medium.	M
CFV10N19	minus_one_times_water_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers		The quantity minus_one_times_water_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers is the quantity with standard name water_flux_into_sea_water_from_rivers multiplied by -1. "Water" means water in all phases. The water flux or volume transport into sea water from rivers is the inflow to the ocean, often applied to the surface in ocean models. In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "River" refers to water in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain).	M
B7IXS3WH	downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clean_clear_sky		Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean "net downward". The term "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. A phrase "assuming_condition" indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "Clean sky" means in the absence of atmospheric aerosol. "Clear sky" means in the absence of clouds.	I
MRZBZIAU	mass_flux_of_carbon_into_sea_water_from_rivers		In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. "River" refers to water in the fluvial system (stream and floodplain).	M
BWGKPWGN	surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air_assuming_clean_clear_sky		The surface called "surface" means the lower boundary of the atmosphere. Downwelling radiation is radiation from above. It does not mean "net downward". The term "shortwave" means shortwave radiation. Surface downwelling shortwave is the sum of direct and diffuse solar radiation incident on the surface, and is sometimes called "global radiation". When thought of as being incident on a surface, a radiative flux is sometimes called "irradiance". In addition, it is identical with the quantity measured by a cosine-collector light-meter and sometimes called "vector irradiance". In accordance with common usage in geophysical disciplines, "flux" implies per unit area, called "flux density" in physics. A phrase "assuming_condition" indicates that the named quantity is the value which would obtain if all aspects of the system were unaltered except for the assumption of the circumstances specified by the condition. "Clean sky" means in the absence of atmospheric aerosol. "Clear sky" means in the absence of clouds.	I